During the dry season or when rainfall is irregular, we apply water into the soil artificially using pipes, sprays, and pumps to ensure continued growing of crops. The water is supplied to the plants regularly at intervals. Such is done through irrigation systems southern NH. Irrigation water can come from underground, the surface through lakes, reservoirs or rivers or harvested rainwater in ponds. Such assists in crop growth and maintaining the landscapes as well as suppressing weed growth. There are many different types of these systems used by farmers to sustain crops.
Water can be applied in the field and distributed over and across the surface. It flows by gravity uncontrolled. As it flows, it infiltrates into the soil for use by crops. This method can be classified into three; basin, furrow and border strip irrigation. At times the land has an overflow. Thus the system is also called flooding. Nevertheless, it also leads to deep drainage and water logging.
Another way is the drip, a form where farmers use valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters on the farm. It is also known as a trickle or micro irrigation. The water is directly applied to the crops root zone or on the soil surface in the form of drops. Fertilizers are also supplied to the plants. Such enhances efficient water use, minimizes evaporation and runoff. The system is used in small scale and large scale farms. However, soil can clog the pipes, and skilled personnel is needed to install and operate.
Use of overhead sprinklers is used where water is conveyed through pipes and under high pressure it is applied on the land like the rain. As the water drops it cools the soil and crops protecting them from frost, also it ii efficient and uniform. The system can be implemented on various land terrains and soil types. However, huge capital to initiate is used.
Besides, another type is the center pivot. A single pipeline is supported by a row of mobile towers which are suspended two to four meters above the ground level. It is self-propelled and water pumped into the central pipe the towers rotate slowly irrigating the surface in a circular motion. Sprinkler nozzles are fitted on the pipeline, and through a rotation, the nozzles irrigate under pressure. Such is efficient and reduces tillage.
Irrigating crops can also be done using buckets and the watering cans manually. Even if it is a tedious job and a lot of labor needed, it does not require a lot of improved infrastructure or mechanization to be done, therefore, and it saves capital. Due to a lot of labor, it can only be done on small- scale, and it conserves water.
The sub-irrigation method is used largely by farmers. Plants are irrigated into the root zone from below the ground level and then absorbed upwards. Best employed in areas with high water table where there is growing of tomatoes, sugarcane, and peppers. Such ensures uniform watering, reduced labor input, and a vigorous crop growth.
Lateral move irrigation is carried out by fixing a wheel and sprinkler heads on the pipes which apply water over and across the field. You do not require a lot of capital to start it but workforce for changing pipes is crucial and the major drawback of this method.
Water can be applied in the field and distributed over and across the surface. It flows by gravity uncontrolled. As it flows, it infiltrates into the soil for use by crops. This method can be classified into three; basin, furrow and border strip irrigation. At times the land has an overflow. Thus the system is also called flooding. Nevertheless, it also leads to deep drainage and water logging.
Another way is the drip, a form where farmers use valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters on the farm. It is also known as a trickle or micro irrigation. The water is directly applied to the crops root zone or on the soil surface in the form of drops. Fertilizers are also supplied to the plants. Such enhances efficient water use, minimizes evaporation and runoff. The system is used in small scale and large scale farms. However, soil can clog the pipes, and skilled personnel is needed to install and operate.
Use of overhead sprinklers is used where water is conveyed through pipes and under high pressure it is applied on the land like the rain. As the water drops it cools the soil and crops protecting them from frost, also it ii efficient and uniform. The system can be implemented on various land terrains and soil types. However, huge capital to initiate is used.
Besides, another type is the center pivot. A single pipeline is supported by a row of mobile towers which are suspended two to four meters above the ground level. It is self-propelled and water pumped into the central pipe the towers rotate slowly irrigating the surface in a circular motion. Sprinkler nozzles are fitted on the pipeline, and through a rotation, the nozzles irrigate under pressure. Such is efficient and reduces tillage.
Irrigating crops can also be done using buckets and the watering cans manually. Even if it is a tedious job and a lot of labor needed, it does not require a lot of improved infrastructure or mechanization to be done, therefore, and it saves capital. Due to a lot of labor, it can only be done on small- scale, and it conserves water.
The sub-irrigation method is used largely by farmers. Plants are irrigated into the root zone from below the ground level and then absorbed upwards. Best employed in areas with high water table where there is growing of tomatoes, sugarcane, and peppers. Such ensures uniform watering, reduced labor input, and a vigorous crop growth.
Lateral move irrigation is carried out by fixing a wheel and sprinkler heads on the pipes which apply water over and across the field. You do not require a lot of capital to start it but workforce for changing pipes is crucial and the major drawback of this method.
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